Venice Biennale heralds return of handmade architecture, says Peter Zumthor

Peter Zumthor said that “the hand is back”.

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Venice Architecture Biennale 2016: a resurgence of handmade architecture is one of the biggest themes to emerge from this year’s Venice Biennale, according to Swiss architect Peter Zumthor.

Speaking to Dezeen at a preview of the event yesterday, Zumthor said it was a myth that traditional forms of construction are being replaced by digital processes like 3D printing and robotic fabrication, and insisted that handmade crafts are back in favour.

“The hand is back,” he said. “Everyone says that manual labour is dying and the computer is taking over, but no, the computer is just a slave and we are doing the work with our hands still.”

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One example of handmade architecture at the Biennale can be found inside the Swiss Pavilion – a huge fibreglass cloud created by combining craftsmanship with digital processes. Photo by Oliver Dubuis

 

Zumthor – who is famous for his humble approach to buildings and preference for simple, unfinished materials – said that he had noticed hand-built structures in numerous exhibitions as part of the Biennale.

“I have seen so many things that are handmade and people taking pleasure in assembling,” he said.

Zumthor pointed to the Swiss Pavilion, where architect Christian Kerez has combined craftsmanship with digital processes to build a giant cloud-like structure out of fibre cement.

“I like Christian’s way of exploring the world and being playful and exploring new fields,” added Zumthor.

Vals-based Zumthor is best known for projects such as the Therme Vals thermal baths in Switzerland, the Kunsthaus Bregenz gallery in Austria and the Kolumba Art Museum in Germany.

He is currently working on a holiday home for Devon, England, and a new building for the permanent collection of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), which also features in an exhibition for the Biennale.

The Venice Architecture Biennale officially opens to the public on 28 May 2016 and continues until 27 November 2016. Dezeen identified some of the key themes that emerged ahead of the event, ranging from the housing crisis to robotic construction.

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Venice Biennale 2016 Winners

Spain, Japan, Peru, NLÉ & Gabinete de Arquitectura.

Alejandro Aravena and the jury for the 15th International Architecture Exhibition at La Biennale di Venezia have announced on saturday the winning participations.

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Spanish Pavilion at the 2016 Venice Biennale. Image © Laurian Ghinitoiu

The Golden Lion for Best National Participation went to Spain for UNFINISHED. The jury cited Carlos Quintáns & Iñaqui Carnicero’s “concisely curated selection of emerging architects whose work shows how creativity and commitment can transcend material constraints.”

Here is an article written by the curators of the exhibition and installation on show Iñaqui Carnicero & Carlos Quintáns.

“Spain is one of the countries where the practice of architecture has been most affected by the economic crisis. There are few places on earth where such large numbers of buildings were built in such a short period of time. The lack of reflection over whether these projects were necessary or valid resulted in the subsequent abandonment of many buildings when their completion or maintenance was discovered not to be economically viable. Their appearance throughout Spanish territories has generated a collection of unfinished buildings where the factor of time was eliminated from the formula for making architecture.

Using photography as a filter to portray this reality, the Pavilion’s central space represents the optimistic view of those who have fought back against this recent past, understanding these inherited constructions as an opportunity.

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Spanish Pavilion at the 2016 Venice Biennale. Image © Laurian Ghinitoiu

The “Unfinished” exhibition, presented in the Spanish pavilion at the Biennale, seeks to direct attention to processes more than results in an attempt to discover design strategies generated by an optimistic view of the constructed environment.

The exhibition gathers examples of architecture produced during the past few years, born out of renunciation and economy of mens, designed to evolve and adapt to future necessities and trusting in the beauty conferred by the passage of time. These projects have understood the lessons of the recent past and consider architecture to be something unfinished, in a constant state of evolution and truly in the service of humanity. The current moment of uncertainty in our profession makes its consideration here especially relevant.”

 

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Gabinete de Arquitectura. Image Courtesy of La Biennale di Venezia

The Golden Lion for Best Participant in the International Exhibition, Reporting From the Front, went to Gabinete de Arquitectura. The award was granted to Solano Benítez, Gloria Cabral, and Solanito Benítez (all from Paraguay) for “harnessing simple materials, structural ingenuity and unskilled labour to bring architecture to underserved communities.”

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NLÉ’s Makoko Floating School at the 2016 Venice Biennale. Image Courtesy of La Biennale di Venezia

NLÉ received the Silver Lion for a Promising Young Participant in the International Exhibition Reporting From the Front for his Makoko Floating School. The jury cited, “a powerful demonstration, be it in Lagos or in Venice, that architecture, at once iconic and pragmatic, can amplify the importance of education.”

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“OUR AMAZON FRONTLINE” / curated by Sandra Barclay and Jean Pierre Crousse. Peruvian Pavilion at the 2016 Venice Biennale. Image Courtesy of La Biennale di Venezia

Japan and Peru took home the Special Mention in the National Participations category. For Japan, the jury particularly appreciated “the poetry of compactness to alternative forms of collective living in a dense urban space.” They congratulated Peru for bringing architecture to a remote corner of the world, making it both a venue for learning as well as a means for preserving the culture of the Amazon.

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art of nexus / curated by Yoshiyuki Yamana. Japanese Pavilion at the 2016 Venice Biennale. Image Courtesy of La Biennale di Venezia

Maria Giuseppina Grasso Cannizzo of Italy received Special Mention for her contribution to Reporting From the Front, which demonstrated “perseverance in using the rigours of her discipline to elevate the everyday into timeless works of architecture.”

As it was announced in May, Paulo Mendes da Rocha received the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement.

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Look more about the pavilions here

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